Caddy日誌配置輪轉和格式化

Nginx 日誌配置方式靈活多變，caddy 日誌配置也類似，示例如下，重點爲輪轉和部分格式調整：

mephisto.cc {

    ... 戰術省略 ...

    log {
        output file /var/log/caddy/mephisto.cc.log {
            roll_size 10mb
            roll_keep 20
            roll_keep_for 7d
        }
        format json {
            time_local
            time_format wall_milli
        }
    }
}

1. 示例解釋：

output <writer_module>

此處 <writer_module> 可以是：stderr | stdout | discard | file | net, 分別表示：輸出到 標準錯誤 | 標準輸出 | 放棄(勤儉持家，不高興不要日誌啦!) | 文件 | 網絡地址(比如 syslog 等), 示例爲輸出到本地文件 /var/log/caddy/mephisto.cc.log

輸出目標爲 file 的時候，可配選項爲：

• roll_disabled

  關閉輪轉，會導致磁盤寫滿告警，除非你有其它兜底方式解決 或者 不在乎這個問題，否則不要配置。 disables log rolling. This can lead to disk space depletion, so only use this if your log files are maintained some other way.

• roll_size

  文件大小多大開始輪轉，單位 megabyte，小數值向上取整，默認 100M is the size at which to roll the log file. The current implementation supports megabyte resolution; fractional values are rounded up to the next whole megabyte. For example, 1.1MiB is rounded up to 2MiB. Default: 100MiB

• roll_uncompressed

  是否開啓 gzip 壓縮 turns off gzip log compression. Default: gzip compression is enabled.

• roll_local_time

  輪轉後的文件名所帶時間的格式是否設置爲本地格式，默認 utc time sets the rolling to use local timestamps in filenames. Default: uses UTC time.

• roll_keep

  保留多少個輪轉文件 is how many log files to keep before deleting the oldest ones. Default: 10

• roll_keep_for

  輪轉後的文件保留多長時間，d 或者 h，看下面引文解釋，懶得翻譯了 默認：2160h(90 天) is how long to keep rolled files as a duration string. The current implementation supports day resolution; fractional values are rounded up to the next whole day. For example, 36h (1.5 days) is rounded up to 48h (2 days). Default: 2160h (90 days)

2. 示例解釋

format <encoder_module>

此處 <encoder_module> 可以是：** console | json | filter 等

json 表示日誌會輸出爲 json 格式，一行一個：

{"level":"info","ts":1654008681.039981,"logger":"http.log.access.log1","msg":"handled request","request":{"remote_ip":"2001:19f0:7001:2e1:5400:3ff:fe45:eb38","remote_port":"55598","proto":"HTTP/2.0","method":"GET","host":"mephisto.cc","uri":"/icons/favicon-32x32.png","headers":{"User-Agent":["Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 15_5 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/15.5 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1"],"Accept-Language":["en-US,en;q=0.9"],"Referer":["https://mephisto.cc/"],"Cookie":[],"Accept":["*/*"],"Accept-Encoding":["gzip, deflate, br"]},"tls":{"resumed":false,"version":772,"cipher_suite":4865,"proto":"h2","server_name":"mephisto.cc"}},"user_id":"","duration":0.000274438,"size":2057,"status":200,"resp_headers":{"Content-Length":["2057"],"Server":["Caddy"],"Etag":["\"rcr3nq1l5\""],"Content-Type":["image/png"],"Last-Modified":["Tue, 31 May 2022 14:16:38 GMT"]}}
{"level":"info","ts":1654008688.0219219,"logger":"http.log.access.log1","msg":"handled request","request":{"remote_ip":"2001:19f0:7001:2e1:5400:3ff:fe45:eb38","remote_port":"55596","proto":"HTTP/2.0","method":"GET","host":"mephisto.cc","uri":"/images/sun.svg","headers":{"Cookie":[],"Accept":["image/webp,image/png,image/svg+xml,image/*;q=0.8,video/*;q=0.8,*/*;q=0.5"],"Accept-Encoding":["gzip, deflate, br"],"User-Agent":["Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 15_5 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/15.5 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1"],"Accept-Language":["en-US,en;q=0.9"],"Referer":["https://mephisto.cc/"]},"tls":{"resumed":false,"version":772,"cipher_suite":4865,"proto":"h2","server_name":"mephisto.cc"}},"user_id":"","duration":0.000658347,"size":1268,"status":200,"resp_headers":{"Server":["Caddy"],"Etag":["\"rcr3nq2x7\""],"Content-Type":["image/svg+xml"],"Last-Modified":["Tue, 31 May 2022 14:16:38 GMT"],"Content-Encoding":["gzip"],"Vary":["Accept-Encoding"]}}

每種類型有多個配置項：

• time_local 日誌裏面 ts 這個字段的格式跟隨系統的本地時間格式，默認 Logs with the local system time rather than the default of UTC time.

• time_format

  • wall_milli 時間格式：2006/01/02 15:04:05.000,我選的這個，比較符合中國大陸習慣。

調整後日志示例爲：

{"level":"info","ts":"2022/10/19 05:56:12.777","logger":"http.log.access.log1","msg":"handled request","request":{"remote_ip":"2409:891f:1ae7:8859:c1b0:fe4f:15ed:bcfa","remote_port":"49577","proto":"HTTP/2.0","method":"GET","host":"mephisto.cc","uri":"/images/geo_data_viewer_3d.webp","headers":{"Referer":["https://mephisto.cc/tech/gpx/"],"Cookie":[],"Accept":["image/webp,image/avif,video/*;q=0.8,image/png,image/svg+xml,image/*;q=0.8,*/*;q=0.5"],"Accept-Encoding":["gzip, deflate, br"],"User-Agent":["Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 16_0_3 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/16.0 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1"],"Accept-Language":["en-US,en;q=0.9"]},"tls":{"resumed":false,"version":772,"cipher_suite":4865,"proto":"h2","server_name":"mephisto.cc"}},"user_id":"","duration":0.002766397,"size":128076,"status":200,"resp_headers":{"Access-Control-Allow-Origin":["*"],"Etag":["\"rjw2fi2qto\""],"Content-Type":["image/webp"],"Accept-Ranges":["bytes"],"Server":["Caddy"],"Cache-Control":["max-age=1705200"],"Last-Modified":["Mon, 17 Oct 2022 08:33:18 GMT"],"Content-Length":["128076"],"Alt-Svc":["h3=\":443\"; ma=2592000"]}}

當然其它可配選項還有很多，看不明白的可以測試選擇適合自己的。官方文檔鏈接爲：https://caddyserver.com/docs/caddyfile/directives/log , 個人小站，這樣配置已經夠用了。

另外，服務器調整時區相關如下

sudo timedatectl set-timezone your_time_zone

例如，想要將系統時區設置爲 Asia/Shanghai：

sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

時區列表獲取過濾:

sudo timedatectl list-timezones |grep -i shanghai

查看結果 timedatectl：

➜  timedatectl

           Local time: Wed 2022-10-19 16:14:21 CST
       Universal time: Wed 2022-10-19 08:14:21 UTC
             RTC time: Wed 2022-10-19 08:14:21
            Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
            NTP service: active
        RTC in local TZ: no