Ubuntu源碼安裝最新版本git

calendar 2022-06-30 · 2 分鐘 · ubuntu linux git  ·
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Git 是個低頻更新但很重要的開發軟件，系統官方倉庫的版本總是落後最新版不少，不想安裝額外的日更源的話，手動源碼安裝最新版本是不錯的解決方法。

1. 安裝依賴包(install libraries that Git depends)

1    sudo apt-get install dh-autoreconf libcurl4-gnutls-dev libexpat1-dev gettext libz-dev libssl-dev install-info

2. 下載 git 源碼包 (grab the latest source package)

源碼包在kernel.org，懂的都懂，Linus 創造，必須放在高大上的地方, 地址爲： https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git 按時間找到最新版本，寫這個文章的時候最新版本包爲：git-2.37.0.tar.xz

3. 解壓到指定位置，我一般喜歡把非系統的源碼包放在/opt (uncompress the files)

1    ➜  sudo tar -xvf git-2.37.0.tar.xz -C /opt/
2    git-2.37.0/
3    git-2.37.0/.cirrus.yml
4    git-2.37.0/.clang-format
5    git-2.37.0/.editorconfig
6    git-2.37.0/.gitattributes
7    ....

4. 編譯安裝 (configuire && make install)

1    ➜  cd /opt/git-2.37.0

看看默認編譯參數(check default location)

 1    ➜  git-2.37.0 ./configure --help
 2    `configure' configures git 2.37.0 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
 3
 4    Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
 5
 6    To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
 7    VAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.
 8
 9    Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.
10
11    Configuration:
12      -h, --help              display this help and exit
13          --help=short        display options specific to this package
14          --help=recursive    display the short help of all the included packages
15      -V, --version           display version information and exit
16      -q, --quiet, --silent   do not print `checking ...' messages
17          --cache-file=FILE   cache test results in FILE [disabled]
18      -C, --config-cache      alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
19      -n, --no-create         do not create output files
20          --srcdir=DIR        find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']
21
22    Installation directories:
23      --prefix=PREFIX         install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
24                              [/usr/local]
25      --exec-prefix=EPREFIX   install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
26                              [PREFIX]
27
28    By default, `make install' will install all the files in
29    `/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/lib' etc.  You can specify
30    an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' using `--prefix',
31    for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.
32
33    For better control, use the options below.

符合規範，沒有有必要特殊設置，開始編譯

1      ➜  git-2.37.0 sudo ./configure
2    configure: Setting lib to 'lib' (the default)
3    configure: Will try -pthread then -lpthread to enable POSIX Threads.
4    configure: CHECKS for site configuration
5    checking for gcc... gcc
6    checking whether the C compiler works... yes

安裝

1    ➜  git-2.37.0 sudo make install
2    GIT_VERSION = 2.37.0
3        * new build flags
4        CC fuzz-commit-graph.o
5        CC fuzz-pack-headers.o
6        ......

檢查結果，新安裝的版本：

1    ➜  git-2.37.0 /usr/local/bin/git --version
2    git version 2.37.0

原來系統的版本爲：

1    ➜  git --version
2    git version 2.34.1

把老的版本備份爲 git_old，留條退路是個好習慣。並確認環境變量 PATH 的搜索路徑中有/usr/local/bin

1    ➜  sudo mv /usr/bin/git /usr/bin/git_old
2    ➜  echo $PATH
3    /home/mephisto/.cargo/bin:/home/mephisto/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin

大功告成

1    ➜  git -v
2    git version 2.37.0
最後修改於： Monday, August 28, 2023

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